Comprendre l’exposition humaine aux contaminants préoccupants grâce à de nouveaux biomarqueurs

Chaque année, dix millions de nouvelles substances sont développées et introduites sur le marché, exposant les humains à une gamme sans cesse croissante de produits chimiques ayant des impacts inconnus à long terme sur leur santé. Ces produits chimiques, qui comprennent les produits pharmaceutiques, les produits de soins personnels, les pesticides, etc., peuvent être considérés comme des contaminants préoccupants émergents (CPE) en raison de leur toxicité et de leur impact sur la santé ou l’environnement. Les polluants chimiques sont responsables d’au moins 10% de tous les décès et maladies humaines, selon l’Organisation mondiale de la santé[1]. Cependant, en raison de la difficulté de quantifier et d’évaluer les effets des produits chimiques sur le corps humain, ce chiffre est susceptible d’être sous-estimé.

Human biomonitoring (HBM) allows the assessment of human exposure to chemicals, by measuring chemicals and their concentration in human tissues (blood, hair, breastmilk, etc.). HBM data enables evidence-informed policy to reduce risk to human health. To be accurate and effective, HBM must first understand how chemicals of interest are metabolized and how they interact with cells or molecules in the body. Furthermore, it is vital to sample, identify and measure a greater number of biomarkers than what is currently possible, particularly contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Existing HBM programs are limited and can only evaluate a tiny fraction of the chemicals in use due to a lack of biomarkers and assessment methods for the majority of chemicals.

During his AXA Fellowship at the University of Queensland (Australia), Dr. Chang He seeks to address the gap in HBM programs by developing a systematic method for assessing human exposure to hazardous pollutants while employing a human biomonitoring strategy. As there are few biomarkers available for human biomonitoring, only a few chemicals have been evaluated to date. One of the primary goals of this project is to identify biomarkers for additional chemicals using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models and use these biomarkers to assess human exposure to various pollutants.

With this research, Dr. Chang He aims to make the chemical industry safer and more sustainable, with the ultimate objective of improving human and environmental health. Through the identification of biomarkers for emerging contaminants and the safety assessment of these emerging contaminants, his research is expected to provide insights into which chemicals should be monitored, and whether their production and use should be prohibited on a national and global scale. The identified biomarkers and developed analytical method will also be applied to the Australian population to assess the exposure to contaminants of emerging concern, utilizing the University of Queensland’s unique environmental and human specimen banks that were established decades ago.

May 2022

[1] World Health Organization, Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. 2009.